The movie John Q Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The film John Q - Case Study Example He chooses to take the crisis room prisoner so as to propel the Hope Memorial Hospital embrace the procedure on his child. The film is, in any case, brimming with moral and good predicaments every single through it course. The investigation depends on the choices made by the characters in the film, for instance, considering the quandary John winds up in with his child in desperate need of heart medical procedure while he can't manage the cost of the technique since he didn't have an appropriate wellbeing spread strategy. The medical clinic decides not to play the Good Samaritan and decreases to continue with the activity. This circumstance stands up to John and spots him in a situation to either acknowledge the destiny of his child as proposed by Rebecca Payne, The overseer of the Hope Memorial Hospital or raise assets for the cardiovascular activity. Then again, Rebecca, Payne acted in an utilitarian way by imagining that helping John Q and undertaking the activity of through and through freedom, not benefit the general public in any way since there are numerous different patients confronting a similar test. The activities of John Q will at last resound well with the jury that centers around the hones t goals of the activity. The other activity by John Q of liberating the most unprotected patients during the prisoner circumstance, uncover the conventional side of John. Question 2, It is the obligation of the organizations to give data to their workers with respect to changes in wellbeing inclusion. On the off chance that the staff is stays uninformed of the wellbeing inclusion status and different issues in regards to the administrations of the organization, it will render the staff in offered circumstances to settle on rushed choices since there is no code to work inside in this manner may prompt misfortune. Notwithstanding the experience, John Q stays with the ethical obligation of keeping a guarantee he made of guaranteeing that his child gets the heart medical procedure. In another record, the organizations should take into contemplations the interests of the representatives as much as firm interests are moderately indispensable. Wellbeing spread and other

Thunder ego boutique Manchester UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Thunder inner self boutique Manchester UK - Essay Example 2.0 Key elements of marketing The promoting obligations regarding the business retailer center around the people who are in a place of executing exceptional limited time crusades that are made through the maker in boosting deals volume. The retail condition likewise presents the increase understanding, advancement and making sure about favored item situation, re-marketing, place signage, and producing mindfulness with the clients earlier propelling the advancement (Carter and Evans, 2006). 2.1 Specific market level and retailer promoting capacities At the traffic building level for the advertising forms. There is much of the time bought things, high volume offer and high deals rate for Thunder Egg. This level spotlights on attracting more buyer traffic to the store and into target classes (Burke, 2008). This prompts higher ring and exchange size and well as motivation buys. The promoting technique for this situation includes center around the augmentation of a definitive size of norm al level exchange. Benefit age includes holding onto higher gross edge just as higher turns. The procedure takes the focal point of the capacity for the classification as far as producing more benefits. The edges are additionally higher inside this market level because of the worth included and greater items requested by the market. 3.0 Retail channels For the flexibly chain, issues of promoting diverts in Thunder Egg will include an act of guaranteeing that items over the retail outlets that are accessible to shoppers are basically loaded in racks and shows. Despite the fact that this was at first done through the elite thought of the stores' workers where the Thunder Egg retailer acknowledges that there is generous reserve funds that require it done through the maker, distributer, or merchant through the arrangement of the items for the retail location (Lambing and Kuehl, 2007). As per Appendix 2, Thunder Egg will attempt limited time exercises towards guaranteeing consistent grac efully of marketing administrations for motivations behind supporting retail outlets situated by and large stock recharging just as promoting support for its new stores. 3.1 Product portion for assortment of retail directs In retail business and Thunder Egg’s item allotment include the fascination of various visual presentation promoting approaches using marketing deals based on item bundling, structure, valuing, determination, and showing all the angles that animate buyers into spending more. The methodology likewise covers the consideration of controls and limiting just as physical introduction for items and showcases combined with the choices for which items are introduced to clients at comparative timespans (Jeffrey and Evans, 2011). The point of growing retail deals in Thunder Egg is planned for helping both the maker and the retailer in expanding the deals while as yet expanding the business volume. The objective can be cultivated through training, advancement, and exec ution. 4.0

Biography of Malcolm X essays

Life story of Malcolm X papers Malcolm X was a clergyman and Civil Rights Activist who showed a message of self-acknowledgment and staff duty to numerous individuals. His perspectives that the Western countries were bigot and the dark individuals must assemble to shape their own general public, had a tremendous effect on Black Nationalists and the dark dissident developments of the 1950s and 1960s. His inheritance stays in his lessons in which he altogether raised the awareness of African Americans in the United States and his goals on interracial agreement. Malcolm X was initially conceived Malcolm Little on May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska. He was naturally introduced to a group of eight kids. His mom, Louise Norton Little who was between racial, was a homemaker and his dad, Earl Little whom was African American, was a Baptist Minister and enthusiastic supporter of Marcus Garvey. His dads activism in the social equality developments incited numerous passing treats from racial oppressor associations framing the family to move twice before 1929. What's more, on November 7 of that year the family home in Lansing, Michigan was torched purportedly by the Ku Klux Klan. These treats came about with the demise of Earl Little on September 23, 1931. Barons ruined body was discovered lying over the towns streetcar tracks. Quite a while later Malcolms mother had an enthusiastic breakdown coming about because of the passing of her better half and was focused on a psychological foundation. The entirety of the youngsters were separated and placed in i ndependent cultivate homes or shelters. While in school Malcolm was a magnificent understudy he was consistently at the highest point of his group, until one educator revealed to him that his fantasy about being a legal counselor was not something a dark individual seeks for. Malcolm then lost enthusiasm for school and dropped out and moved to Boston, Massachusetts, where he maintained odd sources of income. He later moved to Harlem, New York where he carried out trivial violations. By 1942 Malcolm was associated with different unlawful activi... <!

The Story of Me free essay sample

My introduction to the world was atypical. I was conceived at 25 weeks †a quarter of a year prior to my due date. My mom calls me her â€Å"miracle† or â€Å"alphabet soup† child, for all the three-letter abbreviations for my different conditions. During childbirth I gauged 1 pound 10 ounces and was given a 50/50 possibility of endurance. At the point when I survived, I was relied upon to be seriously debilitated †both truly and subjectively. Gradually, I was removed the ventilator as I figured out how to relax for myself. In time, I figured out how to breastfeed without sucking milk into my lungs. I enigmatically recollect my three years of physical, word related, formative, and language courses. Neither I nor my mom recollects when I originally figured out how to †¦ creep? Walk? Talk? Just that it happened gradually, with two stages forward and one stage back, for a considerable length of time. I couldn’t read †in any event not autonomously †for the initial 10 years of my life. At 15, I’m practically embarrassed to state I spell just enough. We will compose a custom article test on The Story of Me or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In spite of this, I figured out how to talk fluidly, sharpened my engine abilities, and figured out how to track with both genuinely and intellectually. Consistently, I was forming myself a typical girlhood. There rush to help me to remember my excursion. At the point when I began school, not every person was tolerating of my disparities, and even some who set cutoff points on my future potential. These presumptions profoundly irritated me. To believe that nearly outsiders could see me and choose what my identity was, who I would have been, founded on what I had battled through previously. At the point when I saw these equivalent one-sided sees cast on others, I felt committed to secure them. Encountering my battles adjusted me to the battles of others. All through center school, I was there for my harassed companions. I bolstered my companions who â€Å"came out† in school. Furthermore, I was the voice against bigotry in my Girls on the Run group as we watched a gathering of youthful dark men get racially profiled by police. For a mind-blowing duration, I have figured out how to pine for my firm faith in this, to the exclusion of everything else: Doing what you can, when and how you can, and doing it with extra special care has any kind of effect. All change occurs as a progression of steps †we arrive at our goal as we continue moving, going gradually, each foot in turn.

Mind Body Wellness for Medicalization - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about theMind Body Wellness for Medicalization. Answer: Medicalization is the procedure by which human conditions just as their issues are characterized, envisioned a likewise treated as negligible ailments and hence they are treated by social insurance experts as subject of clinical examination, determination, treatment and anticipation. Notwithstanding, Barker had given another view by which it is expressed that diverse material that help to advance the idea of care in an individual consequently help in medicalisation and uncovers how self improvement can hide social factors that damage prosperity. He had expressed that care is a mainstream just as paradigmatic elective mending process inside the setting of present medicalisation patterns. Dissimilar to the pretended by online networking in creating thoughts regarding disease and mending, the self improvement intercession book are each much accommodating for three reasons. Care brings about extension of the illnesses of definition much past that as characterized by medication. Besides t he etiological model of this do-it you recuperating methodology of care help[s in heightening of the requirement for restorative observation and mediation. In addition, this standard likewise expresses that mending is an endless procedure which finds people inside a cycle called the diseasetherapy cycle. In this manner the scientist has specked that cording to him express that the famous care assets and a legitimate idea of psyche body and prosperity will push a person to appropriately characterize, take out causes just as the treatment of illnesses which will at last assistance in the extension of the territory of encounters and issues which are typically interceded by clinical ideas. He had expressed that care is an intense delineation of the changing characters of the idea of medicalization itself and aides in better improvement of value lives. Thusly, truly, I ought to likewise utilize care assets other than the normal method of clinical methodology with the goal that it could g ive an exhaustive treatment that will help in generally speaking mental, physical and otherworldly improvement of patients. Schultz et al. (2016) had directed a trial on local ladies had confronted extreme awful mishaps in their lives. They had presented programs which utilized experiential learning in regular habitats which predominantly contained four significant angles, for example, recreational, formative, instructive just as helpful. They mostly center around three significant results like recuperating, training just as self-improvement. At the point when they attempted the Trial of Tears, it was seen that it helped them in building up the capacity of the test just as the outside encounters that brought about the assistance of the progressions in various individual wellbeing practices. It additionally helped them to build up a social comprehension of the job of hardships in information securing. Through the reflections gave by the members, it is seen that reconnecting with genealogical accounts, building up a scaffold among at various times just as accentuating stories of the endurance and strength a re effective in giving remarkable chances to associating with one sol and presence. The subjective deadly had proposed that commitment with place and experiential learning like the hardships, experienced, interfacing with body, distress, uncertainty and disequilibrium experienced, separating, the brain and into the body, mirroring all these had helped them to bring takes part in the wellbeing accepted, perspectives and practices which the westernized framework through its individualistic methodology was not as much productive. Creators have hence expressed that profound commitment with psyche, body and nature alongside their collaboration outside the customary medicinal services framework ought to be considered as mediations and is likewise successful in advancing positive wellbeing practices. From this, I can discover that on going for individual path, and meeting with customary Endeavor with the nature will assist me with fighting with the hardship of life and help in otherworldly arousing aside out sumptuous life, this will in since quite a while ago run help in giving harmony and serenity to our methodology towards life and help in being enlighetened. In local settings, yet positive outcomes were reflected when programs for actualizing mind body health guideline were additionally coordinated in outpatient centers. As indicated by crafted by Gimpel et al., (2014) mind body medication has discovered positive reaction from the patients which had been compelling in building up a legitimate association between the brain, body, conduct and furthermore condition to influence physical just as mental wellbeing capacities they are seen as very accommodating in pressure related, social just as interminable sicknesses. The scientists have proposed that the brain body medication program had to be sure aided in the improvement of the proportions of the mental wellbeing. It helped successfully in diminishing the degree of sufferings structure the constant sickness. In addition the program which ingrained the brain body health additionally prompted an improvement of the ailment adapting capacity of the patients just as likewise in the examination of the individual diseases. All these at last assistance the patients in upgrading the quality lives. The properties like individual prospering, intelligence just as care all appeared to have dynamic connection with one another and had positive effect on the general soundness of people. The specialists have unmistakably referenced however their work that despite the fact that psyche body wellbeing standard consolidated projects so not help in building up the physical side effects of the sicknesses yet are profoundly trustworthy for the encouraged side effect alleviation and furthermore abstract adapting. Patients will in general deal with their own worry in much created manners and furthermore help in the lessening of the pressure related disarranges and infections. .besides this strategy likewise had affected on the perspectives, mindfulness just as the psychological procedures on emotional prosperity. These program additionally helped being developed of self-awareness, enact inna te possibilities and furthermore in self-improvement. I can likewise partake as a primary concern body medication program with the goal that I can help being developed of physical traits as well as help in a general advancement of my own bliss which is an inborn property for better life. Rentala et al., (2015) had directed randomized control preliminary where they have expressed that the fuses of standards of psyche, body and wellbeing in the treatment of mental issue have had significant impact on the members. Burdensome disarranges on the members lead to noteworthy brokenness which remembered incapacity just as low quality life for those victims. Body-mind-soul had huge impact on the people which helped in the upgrades of the various results as being admirably, nature of lives and furthermore utilitarian hindrances. In this manner this had been proposed as one of the most significant complimentary treatment which when utilized alongside the customary treatment helped in the improvement of planned results in burdensome patients. Members were found to gain thorough information about various sorts of burdensome issue, completed distinctive self improvement exercises and jobs and furthermore accomplished a feeling of control which helped in the improvement of their gen eral prosperity in their lives. Regularly creating thoughts regarding mind body standards help in creating self-assurance which will help in taking self improvement exercises. These will cause us to keep from feeling forlorn on the planet and we can remain adjacent to ourselves just for picking up progress by defeating hindrances. References: Barker, K.K., 2014. Care contemplation: Do-it-yourself medicalization of each moment.Social Science Medicine,106, pp.168-176. Gimpel, C., Von Scheidt, C., Jose, G., Sonntag, U., Stefano, G.B., Michalsen, A. also, Esch, T., 2014. Changes and collaborations of prospering, care, feeling of intelligence, and personal satisfaction in patients of a psyche body medication outpatient clinic.Complementary Medicine Research,21(3), pp.154-162. Rentala, S., Fong, T.C., Nattala, P., Chan, C.L. also, Konduru, R., 2015. Viability of bodymindspirit mediation on well?being, useful disability and personal satisfaction among burdensome patientsa randomized controlled trial.Journal of cutting edge nursing,71(9), pp.2153-2163. Schultz, K., Walters, K.L., Beltran, R., Stroud, S. also, Johnson-Jennings, M., 2016. I'm more grounded than I suspected: Native ladies reconnecting to body, wellbeing, and place.Health place,40, pp.21-28.

The Importance of Formal Writing

The Importance of Formal Writing Because of the dramatic changes in writing that have resulted since the advent of the Internet and mobile devices, the lines between formal writing and casual writing have blurred. For example, when writing an email to a friend or posting to a social networking site, it is acceptable to use informal writing. However, in other cases, such as when writing a business report, an email to a boss, or a thesis, the writing style must be more formal. Thus, it is important to identify your audience and the appropriate style of writing to use by keeping in mind what you are writing and to whom. This article will discuss some guidelines for formal writing.Emoticons should never be usedFirst of all, it is never acceptable to use emoticons, including smiley faces, sad faces, winks, etc. Never. I suggest finding another way to tell your boss you are very happy about your raise or you may be finding another job!Use proper spellingUse correct spelling all of the time. This includes avoiding short fo rms and only using words that are found in the dictionary. When in doubt, look it up. This means that you must write tonight instead of 2nite and because instead of bc. The shortened versions are just too informal. In addition, informal spelling is often difficult to decipher.Use proper punctuationUnless you want to sound like an overly excited teenager writing a text message, you should limit yourself to one exclamation point, regardless of how excited you might be when writing a sentence. The same applies to question marks and to the ellipsis (which should have only three dots). In addition, you should also void the ampersand (); write out the word and.Use full wordsContractions are appropriate only for conversational use and for informal writing, never for technical or formal writing. Note that the full form of cant is one word: cannot not can not. You should also avoid using abbreviated words such as TV and photo and use the full versions such as television and photograph.Avoid using colloquial words/expressionsInformal writing might utilize nouns like:contraptionfirekidhow comequoteA formal writer would prefer:devicedismisschildwhyquotationInformal writing may sound more like conversation while formal writing should be more polished.Avoid using first and second person pronounsFormal writing often tries to be objective, and the pronouns I and you tend to imply subjectivity. Instead, use words such as one, ones, the reader, the authors, etc. For example:Informal: You should sleep eight hours each night.Formal: One should sleep eight hours each night.Avoid the use of clichésIn order to ensure that your writing is professional, you need to use a basic language that all English speakers will understand. Therefore, do not use clichés or idioms that people may not understand. There are certainly much better ways of expressing your thoughts. Clichés are perhaps the most common hallmark of informal writing. Rather than saying someone had a cow, just simply say they were very upset. The reader will still get the picture. Here are some more examples of clichés to avoid:Good things come to those who wait.Never a dull moment.Writing on the wall.Calm before the storm.Do not write as you would speakSo, like, you know, I totally dont even do that OMG! To ensure you are maintaining a formal tone, you need to leave out words and phrases that are not essential to conveying your point. For example, avoid using well, like, for sure, you know, and similar phrases.Do not start a sentence with a coordinating conjunctionIn formal writing, do not use coordinating conjunctions such as and, but, so, or or to start a sentence. Coordinating conjunctions are meant to join words, phrases, and clauses and, therefore, it is awkward to begin a sentence with one. Consider attaching the sentence that starts with a coordinating conjunction to the previous sentence, substituting the period for a comma to produce a compound sentence. You can also use transitional adve rbs such as:additionally or moreovernevertheless or howevertherefore or thusalternatively or instead or otherwiseAvoid using the word getTry to avoid all forms of this verb and replace it with a more formal, descriptive verb. For example:Informal: I got an A in the course.Formal: I received an A in the course.Informal: She didnt get the joke.Formal: She did not understand the joke.Informal: The machine never gets used.Formal: The machine is never used.Familiarize yourself with formal writingOne of the best ways to become familiar with formal writing is to read it. Newspapers, magazines, business reports, and journal articles are great sources of formal writing. They can also help you expand your vocabulary.ProofreadIf your e-mail to a friend has a small typographical error, it is likely not a big deal. However, a typographical error in an e-mail to your boss appears very unprofessional. Therefore, proofreading is an integral part of formal writing. This often involves revisiting a d ocument after some time has passed since you wrote it or printing out the document and reviewing it line by line. Alternatively, you can ask a peer to review it.Finally, the above-referenced examples illustrate just some of the differences between formal and informal writing. The main thing to remember is that both are correct, it is just a matter of tone and setting. As you can see in this article, I have attempted to walk the fine line between both formal and informal.

What’s the News

Whats the News? Our century is called the age of information. Nowadays you can hardly imagine one being able to live a single day without watching TV or reading a newspaper in order to find out the latest news. But how are the â€Å"hottest† news items selected and presented for us as something worth paying attention to? Editors numerous concerns can be confined to three key factors. The first reason is purely entertaining. Socrates, a Greek philosopher, claimed a human being to be an animal yearning for food and an amusing show. And whether we like it or not, there is more than a grain of truth in this statement. The choice of the news is often determined by the concern of whether the story will make a good show, which can compete effectively with other types of TV programs for the viewers rating. Another equally important issue is the educational and informative value. Our fast changing society makes people highly dependent on new skills, know-hows and specific knowledge in terms of their professional success and material well-being. Moreover, even general knowledge shaping the persons outlook is important. Newspapers and TV are popular sources of information and editors are bound to include the bits of news about the world economy, international relations, scientific and cultural achievements. Finally, there are ideological concerns. In many countries the government strongly influences, if not controls, the mass media and editors are supposed to choose the pieces of news which prove the advantages of the existing political system. That was the case with the news programs in the former USSR and is still true for many authoritarian states. So, next time you switch on your TV set to watch some your-country-today program, be critical and consider if the news item is a brainwash attempt, you are treated as a curious animal or it genuinely broadens your mind.

The Cold War Lessons Learned - 938 Words

The Cold War: Lessons Learned After World War II, continuing tensions between the United States of America and primarily, the Soviet Union caused the Cold War. The Cold War lasted from 1945 to 1991, the Cold War is defined as a bitter, typically non-military conflict between the two superpowers, the Soviet Union and America. The Soviet Union and the United States had contrasting views about most things, including political systems, economic systems and societal values. At the end of the Cold War, the U.S was declared victorious but they outcomes were anything but successful. If aspects like the least amount of casualties and who has the most money dictate victory, is it really victory? In fact, millions died due to the cold war and many were harmfully affected on both sides and these outcomes could have easily been avoided if instead of concluding that war was the only option, the two superpowers could promote peace rather than emphasizing on differing values. Lessons that should be learned from the Cold War are that ideological differences are not sufficient enough to declare war and that taking over nations does not make a country stronger or better. In any conflict, differences in ideologies must be respected. America believed that Capitalism, Democracy, Freedom and Individualism was the key to a successful nation, while the Soviet Union believed in Socialism, Totalitarianism, Equality and Collectivism. These differences caused many conflicts such as the division ofShow MoreRelatedLessons Learned From The Cold War2147 Words   |  9 PagesDuring the Cold War, many lessons were learned. The United States had to learn these lessons to survive in a rapidly changing world. It learned lessons from the incident in the Gulf of Tonkin and the resolution that followed that lead to the invasion of Vietnam. It learned lessons from the horrors of war in Vietnam. And it learned lessons from The My Lai massacre in Vietnam, one of those very horrors. One lesson that was l earned from all these incidents is that in uncertain times, restraint shouldRead MoreThe Cold War Is A Time Of Political Tension Between The United States And The Soviet Union1154 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War is a time of political tension between the United States and the USSR following World War II and lasting decades. It was a clash of ideology- capitalism versus communism- and a fight for dominance, by utilizing every opportunity for expansion (Trueman 1). The results and lessons learned from the Cold War still remain as reminders and helpful guides for the future. With the War on Terror at hand, the United States could use the lessons learned from the Cold War as a guide. The Cold WarRead MoreThe War Of World War II1586 Words   |  7 Pageshave had a problem with someone, some might refer to it like a war. War by definition is generally characterized by extreme aggression, destruction, and mortality. However, for forty-four years a war that would scare millions around t he world occurred. This war was not all brutality, it was arguments that would change the world forever. This war was known as the Cold War. The end of World War II was just the beginning of this unique war . The former allied forces of the United States and the USSRRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis : The Cold War1323 Words   |  6 PagesWars have been going on since the beginning of time, whether it is fighting for your religions, fighting for land, and fighting for your rights and freedoms. Some wars cause dramatic amounts of deaths, but the Cold War resulted in none. The reason there were no deaths is due to the fact that the Cold War was just that, cold. The conflicts never heated up enough per say to cause a real war. Though the Cold war itself wasn’t a war fought in battle, there were parts caused by it such as the Korean WarRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1139 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War is a period following world war II which was marked by political conflict between former allies; the United States and the Soviet Union. It is considered â€Å"a state of conflict that stops just ever s o short of direct military combat. Instead, the fighting mainly takes the form of economic competition, political maneuvers, propaganda and, at times, proxy wars between nations allied to one of the more powerful nations.† (Pelz 171). Once allies, the United States and Soviet Union experiencedRead Moreâ€Å"Today It Is Becoming Increasingly Apparent To Thoughtful938 Words   |  4 Pagesapparent to thoughtful Americans that we cannot fight the forces and ideas of imperialism abroad and maintain any form of imperialism at home. The war has done this to our thinking.†(Willkie). After a war, a responsible superpower would provide the ideals of a democracy, such as popular sovereignty and limited government. However after the second world war, the United States acted opposite of its highest standards, instead keeping in mind only of expansionism and corrupted ways to be the best. In itsRead MoreFog of War Essay1310 Words   |  6 PagesRyan McManus Vietnam Film 2/29/12 The Fog of War In the opening scenes of the documentary, The Fog of War, Robert McNamara states, â€Å"Any military commander who is honest admits that he has made mistakes, errors of judgment.† Throughout the documentary, I got the sense that McNamara is asking for forgiveness from the American public and is telling them that he wishes things went differently. There are many times throughout the film that McNamara is a sympathetic figure, but they are mainly towardsRead MoreCuban Missile Crisis Essay1203 Words   |  5 PagesStates and the Soviet Union. It appeared that the Soviet Union was installing nuclear missiles in Cuba, and it was the closest the United States has ever came to a nuclear war. Using the movie, 13 Days, the Cuban Missile Crisis is explained and compared to the actual event. The crisis was led to by the Cold War. The Cold War was a period between 1947 and 1991 of geopolitical tension between the corrupted East and the free West of Europe. It first started off by the Truman Doctrine, which was a foreignRead MoreRonald Reagan s 50th Anniversary Speech1225 Words   |  5 Pages1981 to 1989. Prior to his presidency, he was the 33rd Governor of California from 1967 to 1975, following a career as a Hollywood actor and union leader. ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan) Reagan also served in the U.S. Army during World War Two achieving the rank of Lieutenant But due to his eyesight he was stationed stateside, creating training films. I chose this speech because of the topics he touches on. Not only the past but also the future. â€Å"We re here to mark that day in historyRead MoreMarshall Plan Effectiveness1666 Words   |  7 PagesThe most effective Cold War plan was the famous Marshall Plan. Some historians may believe that the most effective plan was Containment, but they are wrong. These plans are considered effective for the lives the protect, the safety the provided, and the money they gave. This the safest, most lucrative, most effective Cold War plan was the Marshall Plan. Generally the Cold War lasted from 1949-1991. But it couldve started earlier, â€Å"In a June 5,1947 speech to the graduating class at Harvard, Secretary

Executive Engineer Of The Caribbean Bauxite Company

SUMMARY †¢ John Baker, chief engineer of the Caribbean Bauxite Company was promoted to Keso Mining Corporation near Winnipeg, a Canadian enterprise as a production manager of fast-expanding. †¢ His final task is the assessment interview with the successor, Matthew Rennalls, the able young Barracanian. †¢ Baker is an English expatriate, who preferred working overseas, because he felt that he had an innate knack. (bakat semula jadi) †¢ It was pointed out to Baker that not only was Rennalls one of the brightest Barracanian prospects on the staff as at London University he had taken first class honours in the BSc engineering degree but he was also the son of the minister of finance and economic planning, he also had no small political pull. †¢ Baker in the beginning of his interview with Rennalls, encouraged him by listing his good points, which were his technical abilities. †¢ He then told him that he had noticed that Rennalls was more friendly and get on better with his fellow Barracanians than he was with Europeans. †¢ A few more comments were given by Baker to Rennalls stating the superiority of the Europeans. †¢ As a result, Rennalls gave his resignation in the company the next morning. †¢ There was a miscommunication between John Baker and Matthew Rennalls. †¢ Different culture between European and barracanian, there is some racialism. Even though Baker knows Rennalls background. †¢ Rennalls is sensitive to political, racial, and equality issues. †¢ Baker always emphasize that

What Happened to JFKs First Casket

At 10 a.m. EST on February 18, 1966, a large pine crate was pushed out of the open tail hatch of a C-130E military transport plane approximately 100 miles east of Washington, D.C. After watching the box hit the frigid water of the Atlantic Ocean and then sink, pilot Maj. Leo W. Tubay, USAF, circled the drop point for another 20 minutes to make sure the crate did not resurface. It didnt, and the airplane returned to Andrews Air Force Base in Maryland, landing at 11:30 a.m. This ultimately was the fate of the casket used to transport President John F. Kennedys body from Dallas back to Washington, after the presidents assassination. This curious tale concerning what happened to JFKs first casket begins 27 months earlier, however. 1963 After doctors at Parkland Hospital declared President Kennedy officially dead at 1 p.m. CST, November 22, 1963—only 30 minutes after the fatal shot captured in Abraham Zapruders film ended the presidents life—U.S. Secret Service Special Agent Clinton Hill contacted ONeils Funeral Home in Dallas, stating that he needed a casket. (Hill is actually the individual seen leaping onto the back of the presidents limousine in Zapruders film a moment after the assassination occurs.) Funeral director Vernon ONeil selected an extremely handsome, expensive, all bronze, silk-lined casket and delivered it personally to Parkland Hospital. This casket carried the body of President Kennedy on Air Force One during the long flight from Dallas, Texas, to Washington. This all-bronze casket was not the same one seen three days later during the televised funeral of Americas slain leader, however. Jacqueline Kennedy wished for her husbands funeral to replicate, as closely as possible, the services of previous presidents who died in office, particularly the funeral of Abraham Lincoln, who also died from an assassins bullet. Those funeral services usually featured an open casket so the public could offer a last goodbye to its leader. Unfortunately, and despite efforts to prevent it, blood from JFKs massive head wound escaped the bandages and the plastic sheet in which he was wrapped and stained the white silk interior of the casket during the flight to Washington, rendering the casket unsuitable. (Later, both Jacqueline Kennedy and Robert Kennedy decided against an open-casket funeral entirely due to the extent of the physical damage to the presidents body.) President Kennedy was therefore buried in a different casket—a mahogany model crafted by the Marsellus Casket Company and supplied by Joseph Gawlers Sons, the Washington funeral home that handled JFKs funeral services. After transferring the presidents body to the new casket, the funeral home eventually placed the original bloodstained casket in storage. 1964 On March 19, 1964, Gawlers sent the first casket to the National Archives, where it was stored at all times thereafter in a specially secure vault in the basement. According to an official document dated February 25, 1966 (and declassified on June 1, 1999), only three top officials of the National Archives and a historian commissioned by the Kennedy family received access to this casket. Meanwhile, the General Services Administration (GSA) continued to dispute the invoice that funeral director ONeil submitted to the government for the Solid double wall Bronze Casket and all services rendered at Dallas, Texas. Originally sent by the funeral home January 7, 1964, for a total of $3,995, the GSA asked ONeil to itemize the goods and services he provided and resubmit the bill. ONeil did so on February 13, 1964—and even reduced the invoice by $500—but the GSA still questioned the amount. Roughly a month later, the GSA informed the funeral director that the total he sought was excessive and that the actual value of services to be billed to the Government should be in a greatly reduced amount. On April 22, 1964, ONeil visited Washington, (one of two trips he made to collect this bill), and indicated he wanted to obtain the casket he provided that housed President Kennedys body on the Air Force One flight back to the nations capital. According to a telephone-call transcript dated February 25, 1965, and later declassified, ONeil revealed at some point he had been offered $100,000 for the casket and the car in which the Presidents body was handled from the hospital to the airplane. While in D.C., the funeral director apparently indicated that he wanted JFKs first casket back because it would be good for his business. 1965 In autumn 1965, the United States Congress passed bills intended to acquire and preserve certain items of evidence pertaining to the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. This prompted Texas Fifth-District U.S. Rep. Earle Cabell—who also served as the mayor of Dallas when Kennedy was assassinated—to write a letter to U.S. Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach. Dated September 13, 1965, Cabell stated that JFKs first bloodstained casket has no historical significance but does have a value for the morbidly curious. He concluded his letter to Katzenbach by stating that destroying this casket is in keeping with the best interest of the country. 1966 The ONeil Funeral Home invoice still unpaid and the casket in question still securely stored in the basement of the National Archives building in Washington, U.S. Sen. Robert Kennedy—the slain presidents brother—phoned Lawson Knott Jr., GSA administrator, the evening of February 3, 1966. After noting that hed spoken to U.S. Defense Secretary Robert McNamara about getting rid of President Kennedys first casket only to learn that McNamara is not able to get release of the casket, Sen. Kennedy asked what could be done. Lawson informed Kennedy that the very historian commissioned by the Kennedy family—one of only four people granted access to the original JFK casket currently stored in the National Archives, as noted above—was quite outraged at the idea of destroying the first casket. According to Knott, the historian (William Manchester) planned to devote an entire chapter of his book to this particular subject. The GSA administrator added: I think it is going to raise loads of questions about the release of the casket. At issue was whether the first bloodstained casket constituted evidence in President Kennedys assassination, which the bills passed by Congress in 1965 sought to preserve. Unlike the rifle found in the Texas School Book Depository, however, Sen. Robert Kennedy didnt think the casket was pertinent at all to this case. After stating that [the casket] belongs to the family and we can get rid of it any way we want to, Kennedy told Knott that he would personally contact Attorney General Katzenbach to, essentially, cut through the bureaucratic red tape and secure the release of the original casket used to fly the body of President Kennedy from Dallas to Washington. Not surprisingly, Katzenbach sent a letter to Knott a mere eight days later (February 11, 1966) indicating final settlement with the Undertaker [Vernon ONeil] who supplied the casket has been accomplished. Moreover, Katzenbach concluded his letter by stating: I am of the view that the reasons for destroying the casket completely outweigh the reasons, if any, that might exist for preserving it. On February 17, 1966, GSA staff prepared JFKs original casket so that it could be disposed of at sea without fear of resurfacing. Specifically, among other things, three 80-pound bags of sand were placed inside the casket; after locking it, metal bands were placed around the casket lid to prevent it from opening; and roughly 42 half-inch holes were randomly drilled through the top, sides, and ends of the original JFK casket, as well as the outer pine crate containing it. Finally, metal bands were placed around the pine box to prevent it from opening. At approximately 6:55 a.m., February 18, 1966, the GSA officially turned over President John F. Kennedys first, bloodstained casket to representatives of the U.S. Department of Defense. Less than two hours later (8:38 a.m.), the U.S. Air Force C-130E military transport plane took off from Andrews Air Force Base and delivered its unusual payload to its final resting place roughly 90 minutes later— where it currently rests some 9,000 feet below the surface of the Atlantic Ocean. A memo issued February 25, 1966, summarizes the extraordinary measures taken by the federal government and includes the following assurance to the Kennedy family and all others: The casket was disposed of at sea in a quiet, sure and dignified manner. Sources:Memorandum for File by John M. Steadman, Special Assistant, Office of the Secretary of Defense, February 25, 1966. Document in authors possession after National Archives released declassified documents June 1, 1999. Letter to U.S. Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach from U.S. Rep. Earle Cabell, September 13, 1965. Document in authors possession after National Archives released declassified documents June 1, 1999. Telephone call transcript, February 25, 1965. Document in authors possession after National Archives released declassified documents June 1, 1999. Telephone call transcript, February 3, 1966. Document in authors possession after National Archives released declassified documents June 1, 1999. Letter to General Services Administration Administrator Lawson Knott Jr. from U.S. Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach, February 11, 1966. Document in authors possession after National Archives released declassified documents June 1, 1999. Memorandum for the Record by Lewis M. Robeson, Chief, Archives Handling Branch, General Services Administration, February 21, 1966. Document in authors possession after National Archives released declassified documents June 1, 1999.

Attracting Non-Traditional Students in Post-Secondary...

Despite the similarities between traditional and non-traditional students, differences in adult students’ experience of and perceptions about education make their transition to college unique. In order to be successful in recruiting and retaining non-traditional students, universities need to provide resources and incentives to this sector of students. In American in the mid 1970’s, only 30% of all jobs required higher education (Gonzalez). Today, the reality is that 63% now require post-secondary education (Gonzalez). The immense number of job losses in the last few years due to the declining economy has had a large impact on the non-traditional student population. With this growing trend in education, universities need to compete†¦show more content†¦(Early Childhood Education Programs). Students can also opt to volunteer at the center to help defer the cost. Not only does this help the student afford care, but it would cut down the cost of this progra m by reducing the amount of paid staff that would be on site. In addition, to defer the cost of this program to the University, internships could be offered to students that are pursuing a degree in Elementary Education or Human Development and Family Studies. For children that are in elementary school UC Berkeley also offers transportation to and from the campus to your child’s school. Types of programs like these are invaluable to the non-traditional student. Programs such as these make attending classes easier on the non-traditional student that may not be available at the times the classes are offered due to their commitments off campus. For a non-traditional student, financial aid is difficult to find. Most grants are tailored toward the traditional student. 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Porcelain and the economy of china Free Essays

Introduction In studying the history of the United States, we come to learn of its rise as a worldwide power. The Global economy has weakened in recent times, especially due to wars and unhealthy banking, leading many economies to major financial setbacks and crisis. China has long been a critical player and worldwide force in the economy, and still stands strong today despite the economic crisis. We will write a custom essay sample on Porcelain and the economy of china or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a key contributor to the economy, we have to look at it history and how it has affected the economy in the past. New York City is one of many places that was harbored Chinese immigrants in the early years of this country, and has a great cultural heritage of the Chinese people. At the Museum of Chinese in America, we see a diverse distribution of this installment. An item that I found at the museum was a porcelain teapot, titled â€Å"Teapot with gilded berry knob† (picture show in the appendix). This item caught my eye mainly because of its elegance, but also because of its age. As the city is so clustered together, one can easily miss the museum. It is a small building in the heart of China town in downtown. This makes it easy to navigate though; the artifacts and items are arranged in a chronological order, starting from the 1400s going to the early 2000s. It shows a historical journey and development the culture and arts of China people. Being an object dating from about 1775 to 1800, the teapot was displayed at the beginning of the tour. I wondered why the museum chose to include it, as it is the only sample alongside a beer cup, also porcelain. It is about 6 inches in height and 3 diameters wide. Like many porcelain pots it was white, with a painting of early Chinese 2 floor building in navy blue. It is cylindrical in shape with a simple handle and a straight spout, unlike modern teapots. The lid is about half of the top, with a small knob in the shape of a strawberry dotted with gold. The museum included this item donated by the New York Historical Society, to show its importance in the time period and how it became popular in the west. The curator mentioned that it was used mostly by the hierarchy in China; it was a symbol of wealth and power. It is also there as one of items used in trade when china began exploring the West, a popular item in high demand and interest, used by aristocrats and upper middle class in Europe and America. According to the curator; the hand painted structures were used as residential, religious, or governmental buildings, while the trees in the background were used to show the weight of hierarchy in the Chinese community. In this art form, depiction of items is of great importance, and is used as symbolism to show different attributes. We also see the horizon and few clouds. Chinese porcelain made its way to the West through the voyages of Admiral Zheng He. Born in 1372, the Ming Dynasty, he was captured by the ruling army at a young age and sent to work in the household of Prince Zhu Di. As he renowned himself during war and became commander of Chinese oceangoing imperial fleet. In his expeditions, he went to different places including India, Arabia and East Africa where he traded â€Å"Ming porcelain dishes and silks for medicinal herbs, spices, rhinoceros horn, ivory, exotic animals†, among other goods. Zheng had about 300 ships in his expeditions, given rise to the debate of the reasons he was sent out on the voyages. However, Finlay states the purposes included â€Å"diplomatic displays, military exercises, and trading ventures, with emphasis on these aspects shifting in response to both Chinese intentions†. From this we can we can see the ambition of trade and its significance from early civilizations of China. From an article entitled â€Å"Prosperity in Porcelain†, the product is commonly believed to have originated from china. The Chinese are well known for their tea, and that it is has been part of their culture for a very long time. Growing of tea for long time has led to the evolution of teapots as well. In this article, we learn that the earliest porcelain products where fine roughcast and light grey. Items made included bowls, jars saucers and even candlesticks. They were usually decorated with lotus flowers symbolizing purity and enlightenment, as Buddhism was growing as well about 420-589. As generations passed, so did the teapots; reaching a level of excellence around the year 960, with the changing styles and shapes, thinner roughcast and a smooth glaze. After the invention of the Blue and White porcelain, it became the foremost product for a very long time. The article mentions that this was in great demand from a very long time and became the embodiment of Chinese porcelain. In his article, Shangyun also describes the growth of the industry. Production and exportation boomed to a point that a ban was placed on unofficial maritime trade during the Ming dynasty, but smuggling of the ceramic goods became prevalent. At this time merchants from European countries such as Britain, Portugal, and Holland, began businesses and build companies in East China. The products have become so popular especially among the royalty and nobility, that one of the authors sources recorded 16 million pieces of porcelain were transported to Europe in the 1600s, and another showed half a million pieces per year after 1648. It was after development of companies in Europe that the exportation declined. I believe that this is when the Chinese economy begins to grow and become insular; from the article â€Å"Admiral Zheng He Voyages Across the Indian Ocean, 1405-1433†, we can see that it was after his death that china began to focus more on internal trade. Voyages where disliked by the empire and sanctions on fleets became more widespread, leading to a decline in western trade. A quote from the museum stated: â€Å"China possesses all things†¦and has no use for your country manufacturer†. This was from a letter to king George of England by the emperor Qianlong, showing the confidence he had in his economy. In today’s world the Chinese are still a giant in global economy, despite lagging behind other developed countries. Its leaders are optimistic and assert â€Å"†¦Chinese people are not reticent to boast that the stock market capitalizations of their corporations in energy, telecommunications, and banking are among the largest in the world†. This portrayal of confidence surely comes from a long tradition of trade that led the world for centuries. The vice president was quoted, saying pride China’s history â€Å"is the historical driving force inspiring people today to build the nation†, (Lawrence, p.5). This is the sense of pride and patriotism that the Chinese express. China is very well known for its cheap labor, cheap goods and growing economy, but also for its political beliefs. It is currently under communist regime, which may hinder its economic growth among democratic states. With booming industries ranging from technology to agriculture, it is has had a growing economy for centuries. In conclusion, resilient economy of China has been influential for many centuries, and still plays a vital role in the world. From creation of porcelain teapots to technological gadgets, its presence is felt all over. References â€Å"Admiral Zheng He Voyages Across the Indian Ocean, 1405-1433.† www.people.hofstra.edu. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Jun 2011. . Beijing Review, 6/24/2010, Vol. 53 Issue 25, p40-41, 2p, 6 Color Photographs Color Photograph; found on p40. Finlay, Robert. â€Å"The Voyages of Zheng He: Ideology, State Power, and Maritime Trade in Ming China.† Historical Society and Wiley Periodicals, Inc 8.3 (Sep. 2008): 327-347. Web. 20 Jun 2011. Shangyun, Zhou. â€Å"Prosperity in Porcelain.† Beijing Review June 2010: n. pag. Web. 20 Jun 2011. . Lawrence, Robert. â€Å"Today, pride in China’s history is the â€Å"driving force† inspiring the Chinese people to develop their nation’s industries and economy.† Bussinessweek 1/5/2010, p5-5, 1p: 5-5. Web. 19 Jun 2011. . How to cite Porcelain and the economy of china, Essay examples

Gilgamesh Epic (502 words) Essay Example For Students

Gilgamesh Epic (502 words) Essay Gilgamesh EpicGilgamesh is an epic that has been passed down for thousands of years. The epicnarrates the legendary deeds of the main character Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh istwo-thirds immortal and one-third mortal; however, he cannot accept his fatethat one day he too will die. The entire epic tells the story of Gilgameshslife and searche for immortality. Through his many trials and tribulations,Gilgamesh proves that he has great physical strength. However, throughout theepic Gilgamesh also shows he is emotionally unstable and immature. The authorcreated Gilgamesh with this flaw of immaturity so that he would be a morebelievable character. The depth of Gilgameshs physical strength first appearsto the reader in the prologue. Gilgamesh is said to be the man to whom allthings are known. The gods created him with great care giving him beautyand courage. The great gods made his beauty perfect, surpassing allothers, terrifying like a great wild bull. Furthermore, his beauty andpower were like th at of no other man. The story begins by stating that Gilgameshis an overbearing king. He never sleeps due to his over indulgence in life. Gilgamesh keeps the city in disruption involving anyone he pleases in hiscorrupt demands. He sleeps with all the virgins before they are married,therefore, making them impure before their husbands have a chance to sleep withthem. If Gilgamesh were a mature king, he would see no reason to show he is themost powerful. He would lead his people with only good intentions and rule theland justly. Even though Gilgamesh demonstrates great physical strength indefeating Humbaba and by killing the Bull of Heaven, his emotional strength isput to the test when Enkidu, his companion, dies. Gilgamesh wants everyone andeverything to mourn his death. He could not accept Enkidus death. Sevendays and seven nights he wept for Enkidu, until the worm fastened on him. His irrational actions prove Gilgamesh is emotionally unstable and immature. Another example of Gilgameshs immaturity is his infatuation with immortality. He abandons his normal way of life, leaves Uruk, and begins a new life as a huntFinally and most importantly, the main reason that Gilgamesh changes from thebeginning of the book is the friendship that he has with Enkidu. Enkidu is madeto make Gilgamesh more human. In the first paragraph of the book the gods areangry with Gilgamesh and send down an equal of himself, they send down Enkidu. After becoming friends, Gilgamesh changes because he has an equal to be with. Enkidu and Gilgamesh become as close as brothers. Because of this, a veryarguable point comes up. Was Enkidu and Gilgamesh lovers? The answer isobviously yes. What points in the book show this? They go to sleep holdinghands, Gilgamesh loves Enkidu like a women, and Gilgamesh goes almost insaneafter the death of Enkidu. The point of Enkidu being a lover of Gilgamesh isvery important. It allows the reader to understand the reasoning of Gilgameshchanging. There are no changes in Gilgamesh as a person until Enkidu enters thepicture. Obviously he is the reason for all eventual changes in the personality.

Xiamen Airlines company

Introduction The main purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate the value created concepts within Xiamen Airlines company. This concept will be considered with the help of service marketing triangle to assess people, processes, and physical evidence that are involved in creating and delivering added value to customers.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Xiamen Airlines company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this respect, it is necessary to indentify how Xiamen Airlines adapts its organizational framework for created values for customers and meeting their needs. The data collection will help to define the main peculiarities of the company’s organization, including their objectives and mission. In addition, secondary data collection will contribute to defining the effectiveness of the CRM strategies implemented for values created for customers, including processes, people, and physical evidence as w ell as Marketing Strategies Triangle. The findings explain the advantages of the training programs introduction and the role the interior and exterior facilities in creating and delivering values. In the end of the paper, recommendations and conclusions will be provided to understand the importance of the introduced strategies and approaches aimed at improving added values. The Concept of Added Value The process of creating customer value is now perceived as the key method for gaining competitive advantage (Christopher, Payne, and Ballantyne, 2002, p. 102). Nevertheless, despite the increased attention to this phenomenon of strategic management and development, there is no particular agreement among managers and theorists concerning what aspects and concepts are included into the notion of ‘customer value’. Christopher, Payne, and Ballantyne (2002) believe that this concept is made up of the following chief components: determination of company’s potential for cre ating the value, understanding what values a company provides to customers, and assessing which value can be created and delivered to customers in future for sustaining a competition. In order to avoid service marketing myopia, businesses should be more concerned with customers’ needs and preferences. Managers should be aware of the aspects and features customer pay attention to while buying a particular product or services and these features are constantly changing in the course of time (Baker, 2006, p. 130). Hence, this area of marketing should be taken into deepest consideration because of it influences the formation of global perspectives. The Concept of Services and Services Marketing Today, service marketing is acquiring great significance in the developed economies due to increase of competitive advantages and promotion of the globalization and integration processes (Bruhn and Georgi, 2006, p. 6). The leading international companies have taken the course on improving s ervice marketing industry, placing an emphasis on customer satisfactions, customer services, and service quality (Hoffman et al. 1999, p. 16).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this respect, the global business perspectives are closely associated with customer relationship management, or CRM, that is oriented on meeting customers’ needs, introducing innovative technologies and strategies, implementing programs, and making a shift to a customer-centered strategy. Background of Xiamen Airlines Xiamen Airlines company was founded in 1984. It is considered to be the first Chinese airlines that are carried out on a commercial basis (Xiamen Airlines, 2008). This corporate strive to capture the leading positions in innovating and meeting the highest management standards. Being specialized predominantly in cargo transport and domestic passenger flights, the company aims to promote service marketing strategies and reform its positions and attitudes to customers. Xiamen managers believe that hospital services should take into account event the least important minutiae to satisfy their customer’s needs – from birthday parties to passengers to special programs on holidays (Xiamen Airlines, 2008). It is also worth saying that Xiamen International Airport greatly contributes to meeting the above-established goals and objectives. Particularly, the company provides great exterior and interior facilities, including domestic and international transport services, as well as other commercial properties, such as domestic books, health care products, information services, and suchlike (Business Scope, 1996). In whole, the company’s philosophy is narrowed to â€Å"creating a top-class airport service enterprise, implementing ‘customers-first’ operating guidelines, providing the company’s clients with unmatched services and g enerating the best returns for the company shareholders† (Company Profile, 1996). Main Body Aims and objectives Aims The aim is to critically analyze the application of the value creation and delivering concepts within the Xiamen Airlines through the concept of People and Service Marketing Triangle. Objectives To review and critically evaluate the literary sources concerning creating and delivering added value to customers. To critically evaluate the theoretical frameworks that are specifically connected to Service Marketing Triangle; To analyze the process of value creating and delivering as implemented in Xiamen Airlines, focusing on People, Process, and Physical Evidence. Once all previous research have been conducted, it will be imperative to assess the effectiveness of values creation strategies in delivering added value to customers with regard to existing models and with regard to the ones provided by Xiamen Airlines. Methodology The research design will be aimed at c ritically evaluating the main aspects of added values trough such the concepts of People, Process, and Physical Evidence and the basic elements of the Service Marketing Triangle.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Xiamen Airlines company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Research Design For a more advanced and detailed research, a case study approach is preferable to introduce as it significantly improve the finale results, making them more valid and reliable. According to Gerring (2007), case study research design relies on number of cases involved, number and characteristics of variables the case exploit, and origin of locations (p. 27). In this respect, the following methodology seeks to discuss company’s organizational structure, its philosophy, employee programs as well as how it influences the effectiveness of the customer services and relationships (Dibb and Simkin, 2001, p. 7). Secondary Data Seconda ry data will provide us with all necessary information on major theories and concepts implemented within Xiamen Airlines service management. While discussing theoretical material on creating and delivering added value, it will be possible to better understand the main advantages and disadvantages of polices implemented within the company as well as the way the affect the overall situation in the sphere of service marketing. Assessment of the essentials of the service marketing triangle will provide a more explicit picture on the service framework implemented by the company concerned. Beside the Internet sources will also be used to find more empirical information and statistic connected with customer rate and needs. Findings and Analysis It is obvious that services companies should introduce specific training programs and create a favorable climate for their staff in order to educate and update their knowledge on the recent changes in the sphere (Kapoor, n.d., p. 41). More important ly, services industry should direct efforts and resources for putting together people, strategies, and technology for generating an improved level of customer services and satisfaction. In this respect, considering service marketing triangle and Marketing Mix strategies incorporating such elements as People, Process, and Physical Evidence to understand how these elements contribute to adding and delivering value to customers. Concept of ‘People’ in terms of Providing Quality Services It should be stressed that external elements of the marketing mix is sometimes difficult to control due to constant reshaping the target market. Therefore, before working specific strategies in the field of quality service management, it is necessary to understand the major challenges of external environment, which is less predictable than the internal one. Many organizations, and Xiamen Airlines, assemble specialists to gather and assess the environmental information and scan the situation at the target marketing.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When it comes to analyzing the concept of people, one the elements the Services Marketing Mix, one should take into consideration such concepts as employees’ competence, reliability, courtesy, communication, security, credibility, and understanding the basic customers’ needs and tangibles (Baron, Harris, and Hilton, 2009, p. 190). In other words, the main task of the service sphere is to fill in the gap between customer experience and expectations. Due to the fact that customer can also be considered as producers of services, they also influence on altering and creating programs directed at improving organizational performance. Hence, according to Baron, Harris, and Hilton (2009), the basic function of customers involves not only attracting clients but also maintaining and developing long-lasting relationships (p. 192). This conception is encaged within the concept of customer loyalty that also touches upon such issues as competitive advantage and reduction of customer defection. Taking into consideration all aspects of the element concerned, all the participants of the marketing triangle – customers, employees, and managerial – are all involved in forming, creating, and delivering value to customers who, in their turn, make their contribute to creating better values. Explaining the Concept of ‘Process’ Though services industry is more connected with delivering intangible products, these products are directly dependent on the material culture established within an organization. Nevertheless, all tangible objects and material cultures are aimed at providing high-quality services. All these explanations are attached to the concept of process, being integral element of the services marketing mix. Being an element of the marketing strategies mix, process refers to the methods and techniques with the help of which services are provided. Hence, this component deals directly with customer services and product management before , during and after the product consumption (Lancaster and Massingham, 2010, p. 510). It should also be stressed that â€Å"elements of process differ according to, for example, the particular service product, the need and wants of customers and competitor and cost considerations†( Lancaster and Massingham, 2010, p. 510). In this respect, the decisions made toward the improvement of the chain of production and delivering services within the organizations are also of great importance for managers. The Concept of ‘Physical Evidence’ There is a close connection between the concept of physical evidence and physical environment that is designed specifically for providing higher quality services. Due to the fact that Xiamen Airlines are mostly focused on providing services to customers, they should develop more person-oriented strategies where all elements of equipment enhance customers’ comfortable conditions. In this respect, introducing greater possibilities t hrough building effective exterior and interior facilities is another method for adding and delivering value to customers. This notion is included into the concept of physical evidence. To enlarge on this issue, physical infrastructure of airline industry and other services industry includes decoration, furnishing, lighting, passenger seats. These are the main elements of the co-called ‘servicescape’ (McCabe, 2008, p. 131). Physical evidence can be considered as one of the orientation concepts contributing to customer’s needs and expectations (Bowie and Buttle, 2008, p. 15). Everything from facility design to employment dress and guarantee point out company’s philosophy and goals that are directed at attractive a wider target audience. With regard to the above-presented, physical evidence within the services marketing mix stems directly from the intangible nature of the services. In this respect, the need for physical evidence is also explain within the co ntext of promotion. From marketing viewpoint, promotion should develop a message and kind of presentations that makes a particular service more ‘tangible’ (Ennew and Waite, 2006, p. 179). Interestingly, the more successful forms of promotion will be for tangible items, the more chances to attract customers. Hence, Xiamen International Airport has introduced a number of Shopping and Dining services enabling the passengers to visit duty-free shops providing a great range of tobacco products, cosmetics, perfumes and international brand-name luggage, watches, and specific local product (Business Scope 1996). In order to enhance interaction between the service providers and the customers a focus should also be made on telecommunication technologies that guarantee remote service control if it is impossible to establish face-to-face communication immediately. This is especially significant when we are talking about Xiamen Airlines services, particularly about communication on the plane board. A valuable contribution will be the establishment of connection between the flight attendant and the passengers via specific devices established near the passenger seats. The Value Creating Strategies of Xiamen Airlines Job and workplace design Xiamen Airlines realizes that the success of the company’s service directly depends on the availability and quality of services being provided. It should be stressed that a customer also influences each single stage of marketing planning process. So, before considering the development of marketing relations, including customer care, it is also imperative to define the connection between quality and customer care as well as between customer services and customer care. Realizing the competitiveness of leading international airlines companies, Xiamen Airlines realizes that one wrong step can derail their smooth transition to an advanced level of services. The company’s managerial staff also realizes that a ‘s ervices recovery’ process is quite sophisticates the lost reputation is not that easy to restore. One of such strategies, the company does its best at meeting the growing customers’ demand in better qualities and responsiveness of the staff. While establishing new routes and supporting tourism and hospitality, the company hopes to attract more clients (Routes Asia, 2011). Managing cultural diversity Despite the fact that Xiamen Airlines specializes predominantly in domestic passenger flights and cargo transportations, cultural diversity issues are also taken into careful consideration. Due to the fact that company strives to meet the international standards of quality, the managers introduce cultural issues to human resources management strategies. They realize that Xiamen’s hospitality market is still in short demand due to absence of effective activities and philosophies aimed at improving cross-cultural communication (Company Profile, 1996). In order to ensur e great performance of the service staff and make it more culture-oriented, the Xiamen government plans to introduce advanced procedures and technologies while dealing with passengers during the flight. Such an introduction will play a significant role in motivating the personnel and making customers continue using Xiamen services. Conclusion Each company striving to enter the international area and sustain a competitive advantage should get ride of stereotypes concerning existing marketing concepts because each particular organization should develop its unique plan of penetration. Despite that, the concept of quality, availability, and hospitality will remain common for the entire field of service industry irrespective of specialization. Managers should realize all challenges that will have to meet while being involved in service-customer relationships. In the case with Xiamen Airlines, a critical analysis of service marketing has revealed that a particular emphasis should be made on strengthening the Services Marketing Mix Triangle incorporating all goals and strategies of creating and delivering values to customers. Taking closer consideration to People, Process, and Physical Evidence, Xiamen managers will be able to meet the ongoing demands of their clientele and improve the service sphere in terms of quality and availability. In addition, the company should focus on current trends on globalization and internalization to consider the main difficulties in cross-cultural communication. Finally, much attention should be paid to the improvement of exterior and interior facilities because services are under direct influence of material products creating the necessary environment. Reference List Baker, R. J. (2006) Pricing on Purpose: Creating and Capturing Value Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons. Baron, S., Harris, K., and Hilton, T. (2009). Services Marketing: Texts and Cases. Houndmills Basingstoks, Hampshire: Palgrave McMillan. Bateson, J.E.G. (1992). Managing Services Marketing: Texts and Cases. London: Dryden Press. Bateson, J.E.G., Hoffman K.D., Wood, E. H., and Kenyon A. J. (1999). Managing Services Marketing. 4ed. Mason Ohio: Thomson South-western. Bowie, D., and Buttle, F. (2008). Customer Relationship Management: Concepts and Tools. Oxford: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann. Bruhn, M., and Georgi, D. (2006) Services Marketing – Managing the Service Value Chain. Essex UK: Prentice Hall. Business Scope (1996). Xiamen International Airport, Co., Ltd. Web. Christopher, M., Payne, A., and Ballantyne, D. (2002). Relationship Marketing: Creating Stakeholder Value. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. Company Profile (1996). Xiamen International Airport, Co., Ltd. Web. Dibb, S. and Simkin L. (2001). The Marketing Casebook: Cases and Concepts. 2nd ed. London. Ennew, C., and Waite, N. (2008). Financial Services Marketing: An International Guide to Principles and Practice. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Gerring, J. (2007). Ca se Study Research: Principles and Practices. UK: Cambridge University Press. Kapoor. (n. d.) Service Marketing: Concepts and Practices. US: Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Landcaster, G., and Mssingham, L. (2010). Essentials of Marketing Management. US: Taylor Francis. McCabe, S. (2008). Marketing Communication in Tourism and Hospitality: Concepts, Strategies, and Cases. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Routes Asia. Changi Welcomes Inaugural Zhengzhou – Singapore Service (2011). Routes Online. Web. Xiamen Airlines (2008). Xiamen Airlines. Web. This report on Xiamen Airlines company was written and submitted by user Keaton Durham to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Difference Between Revising and Editing

The Difference Between Revising and Editing Just when you thought you were done writing your paper, you realize you still need to revise and edit. But what does that mean? The two are easy to confuse, but it is important for students to understand the difference.   Revision starts once you have a finished first draft of your paper. As you reread what you have written, you might notice a few places where the wording does not seem to flow quite as well as the rest of your work. You may decide to change a few words or add a sentence or two. Work through your arguments and make sure you have evidence to back them up. This is also the time to make sure you have established a thesis and have kept your focus on that throughout your paper.   Helpful Tips for Revision Give yourself time between writing the first draft and looking at it again for revision. A few hours can give you enough time to see it with fresh eyes that are more likely to spot trouble areas.Read your paper out loud. Sometimes speaking the words helps you get a better feel for the flow of a paper.Do not worry about the editing yet. Get the big ideas down and leave the detailing for later.Make sure your paper is organized in a logical way. Make your thesis statement and follow it up with arguments, quotes, and evidence in a way that makes your purpose clear. Editing your paper happens once you have a draft you are confident in as a whole. In this process, you are going to look for the details that may have slipped by you during the writing process. Spelling errors are often caught by spellcheck, but do not trust this tool  to catch everything. Word usage is also a common problem to catch in editing. Is there a word you use repetitively? Or did you write there when you meant their? Details like this seem small on an individual basis, but as they pile up they can distract your reader.   Things to Look for When Editing Look for spelling and capitalization errors that your editing software may have missed.Punctuation can make a big impact on how your paper flows. It creates a rhythm that can completely make or break a paper.Fact-check yourself. Did you cite your quotes and sources properly?Don’t be afraid to let a friend or colleague look at it with unfamiliar eyes. Sometimes you know your material so well that your brain automatically fills in blanks or sees what you meant, rather than what you said. Someone seeing the work for the first time might catch things you didn’t. Once you get into the habit of revising and editing, it becomes a little easier. You begin to recognize your own style and voice, and even learn the mistakes  you are most susceptible to. You may know the difference between there, their, and they’re but sometimes your fingers type faster than you can think and mistakes happen. After a few papers, the process will happen more naturally.

The 9 Worst Pieces of Advice for College Graduates

The 9 Worst Pieces of Advice for College Graduates When you’re a new graduate, everybody and their uncle has advice for you. And everyone you talk to will assure you that their advice is the key. They can’t all be right. Avoid getting advice fatigue by keeping a keen ear out for some of these clunkers. They’re usually well-meaning, but can often knock you off your path. Here are  9 of the worst (and yet very common) bits of advice to  college graduates.1. â€Å"Go to grad school†Do not pass â€Å"go.† Do not collect $200. Delay the inevitable. Stay in school and get more degrees and be guaranteed more money when you graduate the next time. Sound good? For some, it is. For some fields, a Master’s or even PhD will be required. But for others, it’s just an expensive place to hide out from the real world. Unless you’re truly passionate about a career or field of study that requires advanced degrees, do a bit of soul searching to make sure grad school is right for you before you decide to apply automatically and end up wasting years and thousands upon thousands of dollars on something you won’t use in your future career.2. â€Å"Just show up and ask for a job!†You’ve got a dream job or a dream company. Right? Everybody has a goal. But sometimes the well-meaning grandparent or drunk uncle will tell you just to go on into that office and show them what you’ve got! They’ll have to reward your gumption and enthusiasm with a job! Right? Wrong. This is a rookie move which will betray your lack of experience and knowledge of how the work world works. The more conventional job search route, albeit slow and sometimes frustrating, will work out better for you.  3. â€Å"Hide your tattoos†It probably used to be true that tattoos could disqualify an applicant. But that’s not necessarily the truth now. There are plenty of industries and more creative fields where your individual style could be an asset in showing how we ll you’d fit into a company culture. Use your discretion, obviously. But on occasion, it’s okay to bare your ink.4. â€Å"You need to get a job in your industry right away†In other words: if you get an interim job that doesn’t have anything to do with your chosen profession, you’ll have killed your chances before you’ve even begun. Not true. If you can’t find a job in your dream field right away, then you can and should look for jobs in other industries or fields that will give you a boost in skills or experience that can easily translate into the job you ultimately want. Learn as much as you can, realize that diversifying your talents and experience might even make you an asset someday, and keep an open mind.5. â€Å"You should teach†Did you study humanities in undergrad? Does no one understand why? Think you have no viable career prospects? Write you off before you’ve even begun your professional life with the assumpti on that teaching is the only job available to you? Unless teaching is actually your calling, smile and nod and walk away.6. The Get Rich Quick SchemeAgain with the drunk uncle. Or the corner-cutting acquaintance who tells you about that opportunity just too amazing to pass up. Avoid any shortcuts that people dangle under your nose. There is no instant wealth or renown to be had without hard work and perseverance. Don’t stop chipping steadily away at your goals, and don’t put all (or even most) of your savings into an investment opportunity, no matter how enthusiastic your bro is that it’s the next big thing.  7. â€Å"You have to give it your all all the time†100% or 110% all day every day for the rest of your career is actually impossible. Certainly there are times when you’ll need to go all out, and times when you’ll have to work even harder than that in pursuit of a particular project or goal. But there are other times when you’l l need to take your foot off the gas and catch your breath. It’s okay to slow your pace now and again to avoid burnout. Just choose your moments carefully so as not to interfere with your goals and progress toward meeting them.8. â€Å"Follow your bliss†Do what you love and love what you do, right? Well†¦ sometimes it’s not quite so easy as that. While following your dreams is always a good idea, don’t just expect that everything will fall magically into place because you’re pursuing something you care deeply about. You still have to be smart. Save money. Strategize how to be on solid financial footing and don’t get lazy. Risks are one thing. Being stupid and expecting the money will just fall out of the sky is another†¦\9. â€Å"Get a stable job and stay there†This is the advice of a dying generation. A stable job is great. Job security, benefits, good money. All great. But settling isn’t. If you get stuck in a job y ou don’t really enjoy and which doesn’t challenge you too soon in your career, it could really hurt both your productivity and your earning potential. Not to mention your qi. Find a balance between following your bliss and providing for yourself and your future. If you hit that sweet spot, then you’re good to go. Steady sailing from here on out.

Simulation and Its Use in Nursing Education Term Paper

Simulation and Its Use in Nursing Education - Term Paper Example All these are types of simulations which are put in one form or the other. Bottom-line, what they all have in common is that they are all done in a mock situation. This is appropriate because the stake holders perform steadfastly in the clinical setting (Keeping, 2008). Discussion Using simulation, it is simple to bridge the gap between the real condition and the ideal condition. A nursing educator would like to put his or her students into the ideal condition of dealing with real patients. This in reality is not possible because the students are not yet fully qualified to handle real patients in the ideal situation (Brown, Crawford & Hicks, 2003). They might just compromise their health. In order to curb this identified need as required by need assessment, simulation is used. Need assessment is a well choreographed process whereby the gaps or discrepancies between the conditions that are faced now and the ideal conditions are established and addressed appropriately. The students are placed in the ideal situation using simulation. ... Associate degree students who are preparing to handle patients in critical conditions are best taught using simulation. This puts them in an almost real scenario without real danger to the patients. Patients suffering from conditions such as Myocardial infarction and Congestive heart failure are in very critical conditions. In congestive heart failure the heart is not able to pump enough blood that meets all the needs of the body. Myocardial infarction on the other hand is a condition where an interruption occurs to the flow of blood to some part of the heart and as a result the cells of the heart give in and die. These students under simulation feel the real urgency and quagmire in a race to save the patients’ lives. They are compelled to have a rush of adrenalin and adopt enhanced critical thinking. Simulation therefore greatly benefits the medical teaching fraternity by alleviating the risk of harming critically ill patients from the inexperience of student professionals (O rme, 2007). Simulation in these critical conditions is however facing significant challenges. It is such a great huddle to cross in trying to create a precise simulated condition of the real situation that goes down in the operation theatres that handle these critically ill patients (Gomm & Davies, 2000). It might be quite a challenge to implement the practicum. Simulations are only the imitations of the real life scenarios. They are not quite the real thing. Going into a simulation environment with the full knowledge that the environment is only an imitation is such a challenge. It compromises the creativity and ability to learn or teach. In order to mitigate this challenge, it is important to try and forget the fact that a simulation is not the real life scenario. It is possible

MARKETING JOURNAL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MARKETING JOURNAL - Essay Example If there is no selling of the product, there would be no association of the need with the target audience and hence marketing might not be needed at all. Thus marketing looks to solve the problems in which the consumers are tied up and even when there is no problem at all – just to satisfy one’s desires – they are asked to purchase a product/service so as to have a better standing within a particular social circle or society. In other words, this encompasses the basis of self-esteem needs if not anything else. I believe that marketing employs a number of practices which are regarded as its sub-fields namely advertising, sales promotion activities, personal selling, public relations (or publicity) and direct mailing to name a few. With the passage of time, the definition of marketing has changed as it has included a pre-manufacture tilt to its basis with regards to a product and/or service. Selling gets differentiated from marketing in the fact that selling is only done when a product is made available on the shelf within a retail outlet while marketing starts even when there is an idea or concept of the related product and thus the whole game starts as a result of this hype within the relevant audiences. (Davidson, 1967) Now marketing aims to pinpoint the needs of the target consumers and addresses the same whilst meeting their very needs through the purchase of the product/service and its ultimate usage. Marketing in my opinion has both a positive as well as a negative impact on the individuals, the society at large and the economic settings of a country as well. What this means is the fact that marketing has targeted the different stakeholders with absolutely distinctive offers – and hence the fact that marketing looks glorious at the end of the day. Some individuals might view marketing as a very positive thing since it gives them the opportunity to analyze, judge and eventually understand the

Organisational Change In The Sandwich Factory Management Essay

Organisational Change In The Sandwich Factory Management Essay This report will explore the type of leadership styles are used in The Sandwich Factory. Kirsty Flower owns The Sandwich Factory which was established in 2005 by her and her colleagues that worked before hand together in similar industry. All the managers in the organisation consist of women which form the Senior Management Team. Kristys leadership styles integrate with modern leadership theories in many different ways, one theory more than the other in some cases. The modern approaches to leadership this report will look in depth are Leader-member Exchange theory, Path-goal theory and New leadership. The success or failure of The Sandwich Factory depends on Kirstys manager leadership qualities. Leadership is the activity of influencing people to strive willingly for group objectives (Kumar 2001: 190). To succeed a leader needs have a motivated team which can only be achieved by the leader taking control as well as listening to the followers issues or needs. The modern leadership theories are commonly found in todays society amongst leaders. These theories can be applied in all types of organisations from a small business to multinational cooperations. The approaches are further frequently used rather than the older theories such as The Great Man theory and Trait theories. The modern leadership theories take more into account the motivation of subordinates, how the follower feels and considers the workers important, it is them that lead to the success of the company. Introduction to the Path-goal Theory approach There are umpteen types of modern approaches to leadership, path-goal theory, leader member exchange theory and new leadership transformational/transactional leadership. Subordinates have a lot more power in the modern approaches as compared to the older leadership theories. Kirstys leadership may be seen as reflective of modern leadership theories and approaches as the evidence will show how the styles incorporate with the case study. Kirsty has several leadership styles; Path-goal theory is one of the approaches which are used in The Sandwich Factory by Kirsty, the owner. An examples of this style is I have a vision and I try to make it clear to staff that we are in this together, all going the same way towards one goal (Case Study: Week 5). Kirsty is letting all the followers know by this statement that there is a path and a target and everyone is in it together as a team. The role of the leader is to steer workers towards achieving the end goal. Leadership also motivates when it makes the path to the goal clear and easy to travel through coaching and directions, when it removes obstacles and roadblocks to attaining the goal, and when it makes the work itself more personally satisfying (Northouse 2007: 128). There are many advantages to the Path-goal approach, Kirsty and the followers have mutual respect; it is easier to communicate with subordinates when there is a flatter system and fewer channels to get through, the leaders style is informative, encourages and supports the employees, and shows guidance in achieving goals. The theory works around context and the work setting rather than leaders style which occurs in the contingency theory. The underlying assumption of path-goal theory is derived from expectancy theory, which suggests that subordinates will be motivated if they think they are capable of performing their work, if they believe their efforts will result in a certain outcome, and if they believe that the payoffs for doing their work are worthwhile (Northouse 2007: 127). The responsibility of the leader is to help employees achieve their target, making sure that the path to the end goal is understandable and simple; from this workers will become confident and be motivated fo r future tasks. Subordinates will find the work easy as the goals will be broken down and explained well by superiors. There are also flaws to the Path-goal approach; the theory assumes the leader knows everything and has the qualities to give a clear path to followers to reach their goal. It also presumes that subordinates will be motivated by the perception of the possibility of achieving a goal and the leader is expected to have a positive impact on the followers and motivate them regardless of the situation. Introduction to the Leader-Member Exchange Theory approach. The Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) theory is another approach which applies to the case study; it is the only theory that deals with in and out groups. All the employees seem to be in the in group; luckily The Sandwich Factory has no visible out group. The in group has dyadic relationship with the leader where as the out group has more of a formal relationship with leader and are not felt a part of the tasks that are performed. These groups are created by the leader, if the followers agree to negotiate with the leader then they will become a part of in the group and will be further more involved with current and perhaps future projects depending if the individual can keep the leader satisfied with the standard of performances. The job of the leader in the LMX theory is to ensure that followers feel important and unique member of the team. The LMX theory develops into two stages; firstly the leaders initial impressions of the worker such as their personal and demographic characteristics. Secondly the output that is produced by the employee, the leader will judge if the tasks completed are to standards expected, on this basis the worker shall either enjoy high quality leader-member exchange or they shall be placed in the out group by the leader, where treatment will not be so pleasant. An example of the LMX theory in the case is when Kirsty mentions workers can add their own input to the business, these type relationships exist when the leader has a strong and stable relationship with employees which is a feature of this approach. I also have to trust staff to be fully committed to what we want and I`m open to any ideas on how to make that vision a practical reality (Case Study: Week 5). Kirsty has developed a loyal individual relationship with all team members which in effect will create a greater output as the Senior Management Team will be motivated by Kirstys influence. One of the undeveloped parts of the theory is a follower from the in group is perceived to be good at all task just because the subordinate is good at one task For instance, a members less than satisfactory job performance is tolerated because of the loyalty he has shown to the leader (Othman, Ee and Shi 2009: 340). This implies that the leader may misunderstand the worker and misclassify their performance. This is a defect of the LMX approach which is major compared to other theories as it affects the quality of work. There can be constant change within the groups, people maybe be dropped or may start involving themselves with in the in group depending on circumstances. Introduction to the New Leadership Theory approach Transformational leadership came into focus in the early 1980s. This theory gives attention to charismatic and effective aspects of leadership; it changes and transforms subordinates as the name implies. It is concerned with emotions, values, ethics standards, and long-term goals and includes assessing followers motives, satisfying their needs, and treating them as full human beings (Northouse 2007: 175). Kirstys leadership style can be seen as transformational as she is interested in on focusing on helping every member of the group succeed. Kirsty says I try to be hand on hand to clarify any issues the staff have (Case Study: Week 5). One of the components of the transformational theory is Idealised influence (charisma). This method the leader shows clear set of values that need to be followed and acts as role model to the workers. This charismatic dimension of transformational leadership is characterised by providing a vision and a sense of mission, instilling pride among the group, and gaining respect and trust (Humphreys, Einstein 2003: 86). The leader is seen as a hero by employees. Kirsty is getting more out of her staff since they seem to be in high spirit at work. An example of this approach being applied in the case study is the staff seem to be happy and enjoying the devolution of authority and responsibility I`ve been able to give (Case Study: Week 5). This can be seen as individual consideration to members of the team that Kirsty feels can be developed to accomplish more. The flaw of the approach is it tries to involve too many factors which can create confusion and uncertainty to the follower and the leader if it were too be practiced upon. Transformational theory is unlike other theories it does not take into consideration how the leader should act to particular situations to be successful. Transactional behaviour is a part of the modern theory approaches, which comes under the New leadership approach. It works by motivating subordinates and rewarding or punishing them depending on how well they perform with the tasks. In this approach the leader has hold over the followers and expects the workers to perform to high standards. Kirsty does not hold this type of style; her leadership approach is more towards the Transformational theory which is more lenient and considerate towards the follower. The strengths and weaknesses of Kristys leadership Path-goal theory approach. There are many strong points and weakness of Kirstys leadership in The Sandwich Factory. The first approach that will be critically analysed is the Path-goal theory. This style is concerned with how leadership behaviour can influence the satisfaction and performance of a follower in an organisational setting. The Path-goal approach is about diminishing obstructions to reach goals then rewarding the employees for task achievements. In essence, the path goal theory attempts to explain the impact that leader behaviour has on subordinate motivation, satisfaction and performance (Jain 2005: 328) One of the strengths of the Path-goal approach is that it deals with a combination of factors. There are a few types of leadership styles in the path goal theory, the approach suggest that these behaviours should be used in different circumstances to motivate subordinates. Supportive Leadership the leader attempts to solve any concerns of the subordinate, so if the follower is unsatisfied the leader will show genuine support to help resolve the issue facing the person. The supportive leader likes a friendly environment and gives strong attention to the needs and wellbeing of his or her subordinates (Silverthorne 2001: 151). This type of approach is best used when jobs are boring or stressful e.g. car manufacturing factory. Achievement Orientated Leadership The leader has set high expectation for followers at this style, challenging the employee to his/her fullest, hoping the subordinate will excel in their field, showing confidence that they will achieve goals set and perform well. People who perform a variety of tasks may find their jobs more satisfying and have less need for social support (Marriner-Tomey 2004: 174). An example of this approach being applied in the case study is the staff seem to be happy and enjoying the devolution of authority and responsibility I`ve been able to give (Case Study: Week 5). This shows that subordinates are content and willing to take on extra tasks. The disadvantages of the Path-goal theory are it is too broad and tries to involve all aspects (directive, supportive, participative and achievement orientated leadership), and incorporate all these together which makes it difficult to actually practice upon the theory fully. It also does not explain how these four types of approaches will affect the employees work. This leaves the practitioner with insufficient proof how this theory will work in reality and how it can be applied to an organisation. . The strengths and weaknesses of Kristys leadership Leader-Member Exchange approach. As discussed earlier in the report the LMX theory relates to the case, Kirsty and her friends that previously worked for Mr Bakes all moved across to start a new company called The Sandwich Factory which consisted of Kirsty and several other colleagues as having share in the business. The friends are noticeably in the in group, which is considered a strength, where Kirsty has a strong relationship with these subordinates, who have been given a managers role Kirsty`s colleagues now hold senior positions on the Senior Management Team (SMT) (Human Resources, Finance and Production) (Case Study: Week 5). Kirsty and the followers have mutual respect and trust towards one another which are strengths of the LMX theory. The theory emphasises the importance of recognising the existence of in and out groups within the work place. LMX theory is the only leadership theory that makes the concept of a relationship between leader and follower the centrepiece of the leadership process. Leaders in high quality LMX relationships rely heavily on followers to act in their stead (Dunegan et al., 1992) and encourage them to undertake more responsible activities (Graen and Uhl-Bien, 1995) (Kang, Stewart 2007: 534). In the interview Kirsty answered saying we all got on well with our previous employer (Case Study: Week 5), this implies that the relationship must of been healthy with Mr Bakes organisation. The in group has been carried forward to Kirstys company The Sandwich Factory, one of the strengths of this approach. It can be argued there are limitations to the LMX theory, the out group are deprived of attention from the leader in the context of work groups, it is possible that such a situation can be divisive and undermine group performance (Othman, Ee and Shi 2009: 340). This type of behaviour is can be seen as destructive leadership as it upsets employees even though partially some of them may be content with their job and boss. The out groups morale will be extremely lower compared to the in group who will be enjoying a healthy relationship with the leader. Staff in the out group will not be so committed and motivated to do well in their jobs. The Sandwich Factory does not have an out group just yet this may be because the company is relatively new and Kirsty leadership style will not allow it for these types of circumstances to occur as they will have negative repercussions. First impression of this theory will not be great to leaders and practitioners as it displays unfairness and favouritism towards the out group as leaders are only concerned with performance. The strengths and weaknesses of Kristys leadership New Leadership approach. Kirsty has transformational leadership qualities, which is another modern leadership approach, this also known as New Leadership which in addition has Transactional Leadership. She takes control of situations by conveying a clear vision of The Sandwich Factorys goals and objectives; she has a passion for the work and the ability to make the followers feel re-energized. This type of leadership consists having a shared vision and unity within the team. One of the strengths of transformational leadership is to give clear direction and involve others in developing the vision. This statement given by Kirsty in the Young Entrepreneur (London) Monthly relates to this theory The original idea to start up the company was mine, but I needed people to come with me to make my vision work for the betterment of all involved in the company (Case Study: Week 5). The transformational theory has become popular over time as it allows the leader to get the most out of the follower when executed in a considerate but professional manner. Bass (1990) suggests that by applying the behavioural characteristics of transformational leadership, leaders can guide their followers toward performance beyond expectations (Humphreys and Einstein 2003: 85). The disadvantage of the transformational approach it depends on highly skilled and developed employees to be triumphant in tasks assigned to them. Another criticism about the theory is the approach presumes followers want change. This theory also believes that leaders are people that can transform others around them. Then this brings up the question, how sure are the followers that the leader is making the right decision? The Transactional theory is about the leader having full control and authority over subordinates. The leader makes it clear what is required from the follower. A form of transactional approach in the case is when Kirsty says I found myself papering over some cracks that appeared in the early days when we had to get things done fast (Case Study: Week 5). Transactional leader works or a reward or punishment basis to motivate followers, if the employee reaches targets within a low budget then they will be given an incentive and if the worker fails the task or is not complete on time the worker will be punished or the leader will begin to make the follower feel uncomfortable. The limitation of the transactional approach is that its primary focus is on rewards and punishments. Rather than the growth and needs of employees which the transformational theory concentrates on along with other styles, maintaining a balance of what is important. Conclusion All three modern leadership theories and approaches have been identified in this report and how they have impacted subordinates as well as the leader. The path-goal theory motivates workers to make them feel that they can do the work and Kirsty uses this style to encourage subordinates that they can fulfil tasks. Transformational theory has the same type of idea but it seems less complex to use and apply in The Sandwich Factory. The LMX approach is not widely used or applied but there are hints of the theory with in the case, mostly regarding the in groups that have been created in the company by Kirsty. The entire the way through the case study Kirsty keeps referring to we as the organisation went through all different stages together e.g. we created a market, we had to get things done faster and so on. This is clear evidence that Kirsty does not just see herself running The Sandwich Factory but strategically as team, which shows great leadership to progress forward. Evidentially these modern leadership theories have been used by Kirsty and have worked well. The analysis has revealed the strengths and weaknesses of the modern leadership approaches related to The Sandwich Factory.